{"id":39162,"date":"2019-09-18T13:51:34","date_gmt":"2019-09-18T11:51:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/?p=39162"},"modified":"2023-02-22T14:22:37","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T13:22:37","slug":"plastic-consumer-products-contain-harmful-and-unknown-substances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/plastic-consumer-products-contain-harmful-and-unknown-substances\/","title":{"rendered":"Plastic consumer products contain harmful and unknown substances"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The PlastX research group, including Goethe University scientist Lisa Zimmermann, detects thousands of chemicals in plastic\u00a0products\u2014three out of four products contain harmful substances. Plastic products are ubiquitous. Although considered indispensable in many areas of life thanks to their versality and practicality, are they really harmless? The PlastX research group led by the Institute of Ecological Research (ISOE) has examined everyday products made of plastic and found that three quarters of such goods contain harmful chemicals. Furthermore, a large proportion of the substances in the chemical mixture are non-identifiable. The results of the laboratory study will be published today in the journal Environmental Science & Technology. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No other material is as practical: being durable, heat resistant, break-proof and yet elastic, plastic is ideal for mass production and thus enjoys a mass market presence. The pliable material is produced largely from petroleum by chemical processing. Different additives are mixed in, depending on the type of product and application. These include plasticizers, stabilizers and colorants. Furthermore, numerous side and degradation products are formed during the production process. \u201cDuring the manufacturing of plastics a complex cocktail of substances is added or formed, the majority of which are unknown to us,\u201d says the head of the PlastX research group, Carolin V\u00f6lker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For this reason, the PlastX scientists, led by the ISOE and in collaboration with the Goethe University Frankfurt and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, performed a laboratory study to examine the overall toxicity and chemical composition of 34 everyday products made of plastic. They analyzed products such as yoghurt pots and soft drink- and shampoo bottles made of eight different plastic types. In order to analyze potential adverse effects of the compounds present in plastics, they extracted them from the products and applied them to in vitro tests. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study that analyzes and compares several plastic types in a series of bioassays and combined with chemical analysis. The results of the PlastX study will be published today in the journal \u2018Environmental Science and Technology\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Three out of four plastic products contain harmful chemicals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The study provided several important results for the scientists. \u201cWe found that three out of four products tested contained harmful substances, including chemicals that are toxic for cells or cause endocrine disrupting effects,\u201d reports Lisa Zimmermann, first author of the study. She sums up: \u201cWe observed significant negative effects in cell culture tests. Such chemicals should not be in plastics in the first place, even though we don’t know whether they will affect our health\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The plastic types polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyurethane (PUR), contained a high amount of chemicals, and the effects were more alarming than in, say, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). \u201cOverall, we were surprised by the large number of different chemicals we detected in the plastic products\u201d, says ecotoxicologist Lisa Zimmermann. \u201cOverall, we found over 1,400 chemicals in the products and in individual articles even more than a hundred.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of these 1,400 substances, only 260 could be identified. \u201cThat means that 80 % and thus most of the plastic chemicals remain unknown,\u201d says Zimmermann. \u201cAnd if we do not know the chemicals we are dealing with, we cannot determine their safety for humans and the environment.\u201d The authors of the study point out that for this reason the health impacts of chemicals in plastics are still largely unknown. Up to date, only individual chemicals such as bisphenol A, which is harmful to human health, have been extensively studied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What consumers need to know<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNot all the plastic products tested contained toxicity. Thus safer alternatives are already on the market,\u201d states PlastX project manager Carolin V\u00f6lker. \u201cAs our study shows, one yoghurt cup may contain toxic substances while another one is free from them.\u201d However, since this isn\u2019t apparent to the consumer, it\u2019s important that the issue of safe plastics find its way onto the political agenda. \u201cPlastics manufacturers should be legally bound to make the ingredients transparent and guarantee the safety of their products,\u201d the scientists demand. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not only due to the many unknowns but also considering the plastic waste issue, the research team suggests consumers as a practicable strategy to avoid plastics. There are many options available, for example buying fresh and unwrapped groceries instead of products sealed in plastic wrap. \u201cHowever, having purchased a microwavable product wrapped in plastic, it is essential to avoid heating it up while it is still packed, because the heat in particular promotes the leaching of chemicals from the plastic into the food,\u201d stresses ecotoxicologist V\u00f6lker. Packaging alternatives such as paper or cardboard are not necessarily safer, as they may likewise leach chemicals into the packed good. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioplastics are not necessarily safer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

For some years now, so-called bioplastic have been available on the market as alternatives to traditional plastics. They are made from renewable biomass sources, instead of from petroleum. However, also here chemicals prove to be a problem: in the PlastX laboratory study, products made from polylactic acid (PLA), a common bioplastic, were tested. All these products contained toxicity. \u201cEven bioplastics are ultimately plastics, their polymers are just produced from another source,\u201d says Lisa Zimmermann. \u201cTherefore, it stands to reason that similar negative effects can arise.\u201d In order to further analyze these effects, the PlastX research group currently performs a comprehensive laboratory study on bioplastic products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Study by the PlastX research group: <\/strong>Benchmarking the in vitro toxicity and chemical composition of plastic consumer products.<\/a> Lisa Zimmermann, Georg Dierkes, Thomas A. Ternes, Carolin V\u00f6lker, Martin Wagner. Environ. Sci. Technol. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

About the PlastX research group<\/strong>
The interdisciplinary junior research group PlastX \u2013 Plastics as a Systemic Risk for Social-Ecological Supply Systems is funded by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) within its programme „Research for sustainable developments (FONA)\u201c. PlastX forms part of the funding area \u201cJunior Groups in Social-Ecological Research.\u201d Since 2016, six scientists have been investigating the problems posed by plastics from a social-ecological perspective. Their research partners in this endeavour are ISOE \u2013 Institute for Social-Ecological Research (lead institute), the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI), Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, and Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology.\u00a0http:\/\/www.plastx.org<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The PlastX research group, including Goethe University scientist Lisa Zimmermann, detects thousands of chemicals in plastic\u00a0products\u2014three out of four products contain harmful substances. Plastic products are ubiquitous. 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