{"id":42998,"date":"2020-03-20T10:50:23","date_gmt":"2020-03-20T09:50:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/?p=42998"},"modified":"2023-02-22T16:28:26","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T15:28:26","slug":"how-the-brain-controls-the-voice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/how-the-brain-controls-the-voice\/","title":{"rendered":"How the brain controls the voice"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Rhythmic neural signals determine the sounds that bats make<\/em>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/bm_flederm\u00e4use_200320.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42994\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/bm_flederm\u00e4use_200320.jpg 650w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/bm_flederm\u00e4use_200320-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption><em>The image shows that different vocalization-related neural signals occurring across frontal cortex laminae (left) precede the two types of sounds (right) uttered by bats (species: Carollia perspicillata). The sounds are shown as color-coded time-frequency representations. One example social call is shown in the top right and one example echolocation call in the bottom right. Copyright: Julio C. Hechavarria, Goethe University Frankfurt<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A particular neuronal circuit in the\nbrains of bats controls their vocalisations. This was recently discovered by\nbiologists at Goethe University Frankfurt. Based on the rhythm with which the\ncircuit oscillated, the Frankfurt researchers were able to predict the kind of sounds\nthe bats were about to make. These research results could contribute to a\nbetter understanding of human diseases in which language is impaired such as\nParkinson\u2019s or Tourette syndrome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bats are famous for their sonar-based navigation.\nThey use their extremely sensitive hearing for orientation, emitting ultrasound\nnoises and receiving an image of their surroundings based on the echo. Seba\u2019s\nshort-tailed bat (<em>Carollia perspicillata<\/em>),\nfor example, finds the fruits that are its preferred food using this\necholocation system. At the same time, bats also use their voices in a somewhat\ndeeper frequency range to communicate with other members of their species.\nSeba\u2019s short-tailed bats employ a vocal range for this purpose that is\notherwise only found among songbirds and humans. Like humans, they produce\nsound through the larynx.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Together with his team, neuroscientist\nJulio C. Hechavarria from the Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience at\nGoethe University investigated brain activity preceding vocalisation in Seba\u2019s\nshort-tailed bats. The scientists were able to identify a group of nerve cells\nthat create a circuitry from the frontal lobe to the <em>corpus striatum<\/em> in the interior of the brain. When this neural circuit\nfires off rhythmic signals, the bat emits a vocalisation about half a second\nlater. The type of rhythm seemed to determine whether the bats were about to utter\necholocation or communication vocalisations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Since it is nearly impossible to make a prediction\nwithin half a second, the Frankfurt researchers trained a computer to test\ntheir hypothesis: The computer analysed the recorded sounds and the neural\nrhythm separately and attempted to make prognoses using the various rhythms.\nThe result: in its predictions of echolocation versus communication\nvocalisations, the computer was correct about 80 percent of the time.\nPredictions were particularly accurate when considering signals from the\nfrontal lobe, an area that in humans has been linked to action planning, among\nother functions.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Frankfurt scientists argue that the rhythms\nthey observed in the bat brain are similar to neural rhythms often recorded\nfrom the human scalp, and concluded that brain rhythms could be linked to sound\nproduction in mammals in general.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Julio Hechavarria: \u201cFor over 50 years,\nbats have served as an animal model for studying how the brain processes auditory\nstimuli and how human language develops. For the first time, we were able to\nshow how distant brain regions in bats communicate with each other during\nvocalization. At the same time, we know that the corresponding brain networks\nare impaired in individuals who, for example, stutter as a result of\nParkinson\u2019s disease or emit involuntary noises due to Tourette syndrome. We\ntherefore hope that by continuing to study vocal behaviour in bats, we can\ncontribute to a better understanding of these human diseases.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Publication: <\/strong>Fronto-striatal oscillations predict vocal output in bats. <br> Kristin Weineck, Francisco Garc\u00eda-Rosales, Julio C. Hechavarria; <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosbiology\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000658he\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"PLOS Biology DOI 10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000658 (\u00f6ffnet in einem neuem Tab)\">PLOS Biology DOI 10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000658<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rhythmic neural signals determine the sounds that bats make. A particular neuronal circuit in the brains of bats controls their vocalisations. This was recently discovered by biologists at Goethe University [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":42994,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,254],"tags":[246],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-42998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english","category-research","tag-biological-sciences"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How the brain controls the voice | Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/how-the-brain-controls-the-voice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How the brain controls the voice | Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rhythmic neural signals determine the sounds that bats make. 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