{"id":43497,"date":"2020-04-14T15:52:08","date_gmt":"2020-04-14T13:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/?p=43497"},"modified":"2023-02-22T14:08:42","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T13:08:42","slug":"physics-frankfurt-researchers-solve-puzzle-of-compton-scattering","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/physics-frankfurt-researchers-solve-puzzle-of-compton-scattering\/","title":{"rendered":"Physics: Frankfurt researchers solve puzzle of Compton scattering"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/beitrag_Graphics_COLTRIMS_GoetheUniversity.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43490\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/beitrag_Graphics_COLTRIMS_GoetheUniversity.jpg 800w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/beitrag_Graphics_COLTRIMS_GoetheUniversity-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/beitrag_Graphics_COLTRIMS_GoetheUniversity-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption><em>Artist view of the process and cross section for Compton scattering (front) and the COLTRIMS reaction microscope which enabled the experiment (back). Photons (wiggly line) hit an electron in the atom in the centre of the COLTRIMS reaction microscope knocking out an electron (red ball) and leaving an ion (blue ball) behind. Both particles are guided by electric and magnetic fields toward detectors (red and blue discs.) Copyright: Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Light can be used to knock electrons out of atoms,\nwith light particles and electrons bouncing off each other like two billiard\nballs \u2013 Compton scattering. Why electrons can even be ejected from an atom when\nthe light does not actually have enough energy to do so has now been discovered\nby a team of physicists headed by researchers from Goethe University Frankfurt.\n(Nature Physics, DOI 10.1038\/s41567-020-0880-2)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the American physicist Arthur Compton\ndiscovered that light waves behave like particles in 1922, and could knock\nelectrons out of atoms during an impact experiment, it was a milestone for\nquantum mechanics. Five years later, Compton received the Nobel Prize for this\ndiscovery. Compton used very shortwave light with high energy for his\nexperiment, which enabled him to neglect the binding energy of the electron to\nthe atomic nucleus. Compton simply assumed for his calculations that the\nelectron rested freely in space. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the following 90 years up to the\npresent, numerous experiments and calculations have been carried out with\nregard to Compton scattering that continually revealed asymmetries and posed\nriddles. For example, it was observed that in certain experiments energy seemed\nto be lost when the motion energy of the electrons and light particles\n(photons) after the collision were compared with the energy of the photons\nbefore the collision. Since energy cannot simply disappear, it was assumed that\nin these cases, contrary to Compton\u2019s simplified assumption, the influence of\nthe nucleus on the photon-electron collision could not be neglected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the first time in an impact experiment\nwith photons, a team of physicists led by Professor Reinhard D\u00f6rner and\ndoctoral candidate Max Kircher at Goethe University Frankfurt have now\nsimultaneously observed the ejected electrons and the motion of the nucleus. To\ndo so, they irradiated helium atoms with X-rays from the X-ray source PETRA III\nat the Hamburg accelerator facility DESY. They detected the ejected electrons\nand the charged rest of the atom (ions) in a COLTRIMS reaction microscope, an\napparatus that D\u00f6rner helped develop and which is able to make ultrafast\nreactive processes in atoms and molecules visible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/beitragsbild_Kircher_Max_COLTRIMS.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43488\" width=\"328\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/beitragsbild_Kircher_Max_COLTRIMS.jpg 650w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/beitragsbild_Kircher_Max_COLTRIMS-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\" \/><figcaption>Selfie of Max Kircher in front of the COLTRIMS-reaction microscope<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The results were surprising. First, the\nscientists observed that the energy of the scattering photons was of course conserved\nand was partially transferred to a motion of the nucleus (more precisely: the\nion). Moreover, they also observed that an electron is sometimes knocked out of\nthe nucleus when the energy of the colliding photon is actually too low to\novercome the binding energy of the electron to the nucleus. Overall, the\nelectron was only ejected in the direction one would expect in a billiard\nimpact experiment in two thirds of the cases. In all other instances, the\nelectron is seemingly reflected by the nucleus and sometimes even ejected in\nthe opposite direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reinhard D\u00f6rner: \u201cThis allowed us to show\nthat the entire system of photon, ejected electron and ion oscillate according\nto quantum mechanical laws. Our experiments therefore provide a new approach\nfor experimental testing of quantum mechanical theories of Compton scattering,\nwhich plays an important role, particularly in astrophysics and X-ray physics.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Publication:<strong> Kinematically complete experimental study of Compton scattering at helium atoms near the ionization threshold.<\/strong> Max Kircher (Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (GU)), Florian Trinter (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany, and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin), Sven Grundmann (GU), Isabel Vela-Perez (GU), Simon Brennecke (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Germany), Nicolas Eicke (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Germany), Jonas Rist (GU), Sebastian Eckart (GU), Salim Houamer (University S\u00e9tif-1, Algeria), Ochbadrakh Chuluunbaatar (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia (JINR); National University of Mongolia, Ulan-Bator), Yuri V. Popov (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; JINR), Igor P. Volobuev (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia), Kai Bagschik (DESY) M. Novella Piancastelli (Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, Paris, France; Uppsala University, Sweden) Manfred Lein (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Germany), Till Jahnke (GU), Markus S. Sch\u00f6er (GU), Reinhard D\u00f6rner (GU) <br>Nature Physics, DOI 10.1038\/s41567-020-0880-2; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41567-020-0880-2\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41567-020-0880-2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Source: press release from 14 April 2020<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Light can be used to knock electrons out of atoms, with light particles and electrons bouncing off each other like two billiard balls \u2013 Compton scattering. Why electrons can even [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":43488,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,254],"tags":[242],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-43497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english","category-research","tag-physics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Physics: Frankfurt researchers solve puzzle of Compton scattering | Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/physics-frankfurt-researchers-solve-puzzle-of-compton-scattering\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Physics: Frankfurt researchers solve puzzle of Compton scattering | Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Light can be used to knock electrons out of atoms, with light particles and electrons bouncing off each other like two billiard balls \u2013 Compton scattering. 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