{"id":45724,"date":"2020-08-10T14:11:35","date_gmt":"2020-08-10T12:11:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/?p=45724"},"modified":"2023-02-22T15:46:27","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T14:46:27","slug":"geosciences-exact-climate-data-from-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/geosciences-exact-climate-data-from-the-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Geosciences: Exact climate data from the past"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/beitragsbild_geowissenschaften_klimadaten.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45722\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/beitragsbild_geowissenschaften_klimadaten.jpg 650w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/beitragsbild_geowissenschaften_klimadaten-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Corals and cave carbonates are important archives\nof past climate. This is because the composition of these carbonate deposits can\nreveal the temperatures that prevailed at the Earth\u2019s surface at the time they formed.\nAn international team of geoscientists led by Goethe University Frankfurt,\nGermany, has now developed a new method that makes it possible to identify whether\nthe composition of these deposits was exclusively controlled by temperature, or\nif the formation process itself exerted an additional control. The new method allows\nscientists to determine past Earth surface temperatures more reliably and to\nstudy the processes involved in calcareous skeleton formation of modern and\nextinct species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Corals precipitate their calcareous skeletons\n(calcium carbonate) from seawater. Over thousands of years, vast coral reefs\nform due to the deposition of this calcium carbonate. During precipitation,\ncorals prefer carbonate groups containing specific variants of oxygen (chemical\nsymbol: O). For example, the lower the water temperature, the higher the\nabundance of a heavy oxygen variant, known as isotope <sup>18<\/sup>O, within\nthe precipitated carbonate. Unfortunately, the <sup>18<\/sup>O abundance of the\nseawater also influences the abundance of <sup>18<\/sup>O in the calcium\ncarbonate \u2013 and the contribution of <sup>18<\/sup>O from seawater cannot be\nresolved when determining temperatures based on carbonate <sup>18<\/sup>O\nabundances alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A great step forward was the discovery\nthat the isotopic composition of the precipitated carbonate allows temperature\ndeterminations independent of the composition of the water if the abundance of\na specific, very rare carbonate group is measured. This carbonate group\ncontains two heavy isotopes, a heavy carbon isotope (<sup>13<\/sup>C) and a\nheavy oxygen isotope (<sup>18<\/sup>O) which are referred to as \u201cclumped\nisotopes\u201d. Clumped isotopes are more abundant at lower temperatures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, even with this method there was\nstill a problem: The mineralization process itself can affect the incorporation\nof heavy isotopes in the calcium carbonate (kinetic effects). If unidentified, the\nbias introduced by such kinetic effects leads to inaccurate temperature\ndeterminations. This particularly applies for climatic archives like corals and\ncave carbonates. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An international research group led by\nProfessor Jens Fiebig at the Department of Geosciences at Goethe University Frankfurt\nhas now found a solution to this problem. They have developed a highly\nsensitive method by which \u2013 in addition to the carbonate group containing <sup>13<\/sup>C\nand <sup>18<\/sup>O \u2013 the abundance of another, even rarer carbonate group can\nbe determined with very high precision. This group also contains two heavy\nisotopes, namely two heavy oxygen isotopes (<sup>18<\/sup>O).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the theoretical abundances of these two\nrare carbonate groups are plotted against each other in a graph, the influence\nof the temperature is represented by a straight line. If, for a given sample,\nthe measured abundances of the two heavy carbonate groups produce a point away\nfrom the straight line, this deviation is due to the influence of the\nmineralization process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>David Bajnai, Fiebig\u2019s former PhD student,\napplied this method to various climatic archives. Among others, he examined various\ncoral species, cave carbonates and the fossil skeleton of a squid-like\ncephalopod (belemnite). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, Dr. Bajnai is a post-doctoral\nresearcher at the University of Cologne. He explains: \u201cWe were able to show\nthat \u2013 in addition to temperature \u2013 the mechanisms of mineralization also\ngreatly affect the composition of many of the carbonates that we examined. In\nthe case of cave carbonates and corals, the observed deviations from the exclusive\ntemperature control confirm model calculations of the respective mineralization\nprocesses conducted by Dr. Weifu Guo, our collaborator at the Woods Hole Oceanographic\nInstitution in the USA. The new method, for the first time, makes it possible\nto quantitatively assess the influence of the mineralization process itself. This\nway, the exact temperature of carbonate formation can be determined.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Professor Jens Fiebig is convinced that the\nnew method holds great potential: \u201cWe will further validate our new method and\nidentify climatic archives that are particularly suitable for an accurate and\nhighly precise reconstruction of past Earth surface temperatures. We also intend\nto use our method to study the effect that anthropogenic ocean acidification has\non carbonate mineralization, for instance in corals. The new method might even allow\nus to estimate the pH values of earlier oceans.\u201d If all this succeeds, the\nreconstruction of environmental conditions that prevailed throughout Earth\u2019s\nhistory could be greatly improved, he adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\"><strong>Publication: <\/strong>David Bajnai, Weifu Guo, Christoph Sp\u00f6tl, Tyler B. Coplen, Katharina Methner, Niklas L\u00f6ffler, Emilija Krsnik, Eberhard Gischler, Maximilian Hansen, Daniela Henkel, Gregory D. Price, Jacek Raddatz, Denis Scholz, Jens Fiebig: <strong>Dual clumped isotope thermometry resolves kinetic biases in carbonate formation temperatures<\/strong>, Nature Communications, DOI 10.1038\/s41467-020-17501-0, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ncomms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (\u00f6ffnet in einem neuem Tab)\">http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ncomms<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Corals and cave carbonates are important archives of past climate. This is because the composition of these carbonate deposits can reveal the temperatures that prevailed at the Earth\u2019s surface at [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":45722,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,254],"tags":[239],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-45724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english","category-research","tag-geosciences-and-geography"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Geosciences: Exact climate data from the past | Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/geosciences-exact-climate-data-from-the-past\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Geosciences: Exact climate data from the past | Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Corals and cave carbonates are important archives of past climate. 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