{"id":56406,"date":"2022-03-21T16:00:05","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T15:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/?p=56406"},"modified":"2023-02-17T13:19:21","modified_gmt":"2023-02-17T12:19:21","slug":"how-the-chagas-pathogen-changes-the-intestinal-microbiota-of-predatory-bugs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/how-the-chagas-pathogen-changes-the-intestinal-microbiota-of-predatory-bugs\/","title":{"rendered":"How the Chagas pathogen changes the intestinal microbiota of predatory bugs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In Central and South America, predatory blood-sucking bugs transmit the causative agent of the widely prevalent Chagas disease. As the disease can induce severe symptoms and to date there is no vaccine against the <em>Trypanosoma<\/em> parasites, the main approach at present is to control the bug using insecticides. A German-Brazilian research team has now studied how trypanosomes change the bug\u2019s intestinal microbiota. The long-term goal: to change the bacterial community in the predatory bug\u2019s intestine in such a way that it can defend itself against the trypanosomes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/beitragsbild_raubwanze.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-56394 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/beitragsbild_raubwanze.jpg 650w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/beitragsbild_raubwanze-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">The predatory bug <em>Rhodnius prolixus<\/em> is one of the main vectors of Chagas disease in the north of South America and in Central America. Photo: Dr Erwin Huebner, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada\/ Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), between six and seven million people worldwide, predominantly in Central and South America, are infected with the <em>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/em> species of trypanosome. This single-celled (protozoan) parasite causes Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), which in the acute phase is inconspicuous: only in every third case does the infected person develop any symptoms at all, which can then be unspecific, such as fever, hives and swollen lymph nodes. However, the parasites remain in the body, and many years later chronic Chagas disease can become life-threatening, with pathological enlargement of the heart and progressive paralysis of the gastrointestinal tract.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no vaccine against the pathogen and treating the disease in the advanced stage is difficult. That is why the focus in Latin America is rather on controlling the bug that transmits Chagas trypanosomes: the predatory blood-sucking bug of the insect subfamily <em>Triatominae<\/em>. It ingests the trypanosomes during the sting, which then colonize its intestine. Through its faeces that it mostly deposited next to the bite, the bug excretes the pathogen, which is often rubbed into the wound when scratching the extremely itchy bite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the number of new infections has dropped in various regions where insecticides are sprayed on a wide scale, problems are emerging: over the last decade, resistance to common insecticides by several species of predatory bugs has been increasingly observed. These insecticides also have a negative impact on the environment and the local population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/beitragsbild_raubwanze_Rhodnius-prolixus_Life_cycle.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-56399 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/beitragsbild_raubwanze_Rhodnius-prolixus_Life_cycle.jpg 650w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/beitragsbild_raubwanze_Rhodnius-prolixus_Life_cycle-286x300.jpg 286w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p style=\"font-size:15px\">Example of the hemimetabolic life cycle of the predatory triatomine bug <em>Rhodnius prolixus<\/em>. Shown are the adult vector, freshly laid, milky-white eggs, mature, reddish eggs and five nymphs. Red arrows mark a blood meal for the moulting process and egg production. Pictured in the middle are frequent hosts, such as dogs, opossums and humans. Graphics: Fanny E. Eberhard<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers worldwide are making intense efforts to find alternative methods to help control <em>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/em>. One possibility might be to modify bacteria in the predatory bug\u2019s intestine in such a way that they eliminate the Chagas trypanosomes or inhibit their development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In collaboration with scientists at the Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, parasitologists and infection biologists Fanny Eberhard and Professor Sven Klimpel from Goethe University, the Senckenberg \u2013 Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research (SGN) and the LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics have now investigated how Chagas trypanosomes change the bacterial community in the predatory bug\u2019s intestine. To do so, they used genome analysis, which allowed them to compare the composition of the bacterial community in the bug\u2019s intestine, the microbiome, before and after infection with the pathogen (metagenomic shotgun sequencing).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The result: after the infection, the range of bacterial strains in the bug\u2019s intestine significantly decreased. Certain strains, including the potentially pathogenic bacterium <em>Enterococcus faecalis<\/em>, profited from the parasites\u2019 presence. Moreover, the researchers succeeded in identifying four bacterial species that probably take on functions important for the bug, such as the synthesis of B vitamins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fanny Eberhard explains: \u201cVitamin B is one of the nutrients that blood-sucking insects do not obtain through their blood meals. Bacteria that produce vitamin B are therefore very important for the bug, are found in practically all individuals and stay in the predatory bug\u2019s intestine even across generations. Hence, such bacteria are potentially suitable recipients for genes that produce defensive substances against Chagas trypanosomes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Professor Sven Klimpel elaborates: \u201cUltimately, our goal is for the predatory bug to defend itself against Chagas trypanosomes and, in this way, to prevent infection in humans. However, before we can produce bacteria with such properties and then release predatory bugs containing them, we need to understand better how the ecology of the bug\u2019s intestine is structured and how the extensive interactions between host, pathogen and microbiome function. Our work is delivering an essential contribution to this.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\"><strong>Publication: <\/strong>Fanny E. Eberhard, Sven Klimpel, Alessandra A. Guarneri, Nicholas J. Tobias. Exposure to <em>Trypanosoma<\/em> parasites induces changes in the microbiome of the Chagas disease vector <em>Rhodnius prolixus<\/em>. Microbiome (2022) 10:45. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-022-01240-z\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-022-01240-z<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Central and South America, predatory blood-sucking bugs transmit the causative agent of the widely prevalent Chagas disease. As the disease can induce severe symptoms and to date there is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":56394,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,254],"tags":[246],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-56406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english","category-research","tag-biological-sciences"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How the Chagas pathogen changes the intestinal microbiota of predatory bugs | Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/how-the-chagas-pathogen-changes-the-intestinal-microbiota-of-predatory-bugs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How the Chagas pathogen changes the intestinal microbiota of predatory bugs | Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In Central and South America, predatory blood-sucking bugs transmit the causative agent of the widely prevalent Chagas disease. 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