{"id":60996,"date":"2022-08-03T14:26:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-03T12:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/?p=60996"},"modified":"2023-02-17T11:52:01","modified_gmt":"2023-02-17T10:52:01","slug":"how-bat-brains-listen-out-for-incoming-signals-during-echolocation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/how-bat-brains-listen-out-for-incoming-signals-during-echolocation\/","title":{"rendered":"How bat brains listen out for incoming signals during echolocation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Bats famously have an ultrasonic navigation system: they use their extremely sensitive hearing to orient themselves by emitting ultrasonic sounds and using the echoes that result to build up a picture of their environment. For example, Seba\u2019s short-tailed bat <em>(Carollia perspicillata<\/em>) finds the fruits that are its preferred food using this echolocation system. At the same time, bats also use their vocalisations to communicate with other bats. They use a somewhat lower range of frequencies for this purpose.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Beitragsbild_Fledermaushoeren.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Beitragsbild_Fledermaushoeren.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-60818\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Beitragsbild_Fledermaushoeren.jpg 650w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Beitragsbild_Fledermaushoeren-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Bats \u201csee\u201d with their ears. Researchers at Goethe University have discovered how the auditory cortex is readied for incoming acoustic signals. (Photo: Dr. Julio C. Hechavarr\u00eda)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Neuroscientist Julio C. Hechavarr\u00eda from the Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience at Goethe University and his team are investigating the brain activities associated with vocalisations in Seba\u2019s short-tailed bat. Their most recent study investigates how the auditory cortex and the frontal lobe work together in echolocation. The auditory cortex processes auditory information and the frontal lobe is a region in the forebrain that is associated, in humans, with tasks that include planning actions. To discover more about this, the researchers inserted tiny electrodes into the bats\u2019 brains to record neural activity in the frontal lobe and the auditory cortex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers succeeded in identifying a feedback loop that had previously been entirely unknown in the frontal lobe-auditory cortex network of bats emitting echolocation calls. Information normally flows from the frontal lobe, where call production is planned, to the auditory cortex to ready it to expect an acoustic signal. But it was observed that the flow of information from the frontal lobe to the auditory cortex diminished after the emission of an echolocation pulse until the direction of information transfer switched completely and information flowed from the auditory cortex back to the frontal lobe. Hechavarr\u00eda hypothesises that this feedback loop readies the auditory cortex to better receive the sounds reflected back from the echolocation call.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The neurobiologists simulated signals originating from the auditory cortex by electrically stimulating the frontal lobe. The activity this generated in the frontal lobe had the expected effect of prompting the auditory cortex to respond more strongly to acoustic reflections. \u201cThis shows that the feedback loop we found is functional\u201d, neurobiologist Hechavarr\u00eda sums up. He takes up the metaphor of a highway to illustrate the significance of these findings: \u201cUp to now, it was generally believed that the flow of data on this information superhighway mainly runs in one direction and that feedback loops are exceptions. Our data show that this view is most likely incorrect and that feedback loops in the brain are probably considerably more significant than has previously been hypothesised.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Surprisingly, no pronounced reversal of information flow was observed for bat vocalisations used for communication purposes. \u201cThis may be because the bats were alone in a sound-proofed and electrically isolated chamber and therefore did not expect a response to their calls\u201d, Hechavarr\u00eda speculates before going on to note: \u201cOne of the aspects that makes our study so interesting is that it opens up new ways to study the social interactions of bats. We want to continue work in this area in the future.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\"><strong>Publication: <\/strong>Francisco Garc\u00eda-Rosales, Luciana L\u00f3pez-Jury, Eugenia Gonzalez-Palomares, Johannes Wetekam, Yuranny Cabral-Calder\u00edn, Ava Kiai, Manfred K\u00f6ssl, Julio C. Hechavarr\u00eda: <strong>Echolocation-related reversal of information flow in a cortical vocalisation network<\/strong>. Nature Communications 13, 3642 (2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-31230-6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-31230-6<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bats famously have an ultrasonic navigation system: they use their extremely sensitive hearing to orient themselves by emitting ultrasonic sounds and using the echoes that result to build up a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":60818,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,254],"tags":[246],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-60996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english","category-research","tag-biological-sciences"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin 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