{"id":78696,"date":"2023-12-22T12:31:25","date_gmt":"2023-12-22T11:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/?p=78696"},"modified":"2023-12-22T12:31:26","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T11:31:26","slug":"joint-research-project-on-groundwater-searching-for-underground-pollutants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/joint-research-project-on-groundwater-searching-for-underground-pollutants\/","title":{"rendered":"Joint research project on groundwater: searching for underground pollutants"},"content":{"rendered":"

The joint project, recently launched under the name \u201cgwTriade,\u201d involves <\/strong>six<\/strong> <\/strong>scientific<\/strong> institutes with Goethe <\/strong>University<\/strong> Frankfurt as the coordinator, which are investigating <\/strong>groundwater<\/strong> <\/strong>quality<\/strong> in <\/strong>Germany<\/strong>. This is the first time <\/strong>the<\/strong> triad approach has been applied <\/strong>to combine <\/strong>chemical analyses and methods revealing how pollutants entering the <\/strong>groundwater<\/strong> affect <\/strong>the<\/strong> <\/strong>ecosystem<\/strong> there \u2013 called effect-based methods. The <\/strong>project<\/strong> aims to develop <\/strong>a<\/strong> concept that <\/strong>water<\/strong> suppliers <\/strong>and<\/strong> nature conservation <\/strong>authorities<\/strong> can use in the future to examine and assess <\/strong>the<\/strong> <\/strong>groundwater<\/strong> <\/strong>quality<\/strong> themselves. The gwTriade project <\/strong>is<\/strong> funded by <\/strong>the<\/strong> Federal Ministry of Education <\/strong>and<\/strong> R<\/strong>esearch<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
A copepod is a crustacean barely a millimeter in size which lives in groundwater. The presence of such animals is an indicator of good water quality. Photo: Sabrina Schiwy, Goethe University Frankfurt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The effects of climate change pose an ever-greater threat to our groundwater because more frequent and longer periods of drought reduce groundwater levels. Groundwater is therefore already supplemented with surface water in conurbations like the Rhine-Main area. This surface water often contains treated wastewater that may add pollutants to the groundwater. More frequent heavy rainfalls \u2013 another consequence of climate change \u2013 lead to large quantities of pollutants entering the groundwater. As a result, over one third of all groundwater bodies in Germany fail to achieve good chemical status. The European Water Framework Directive establishes the legal framework for assessing the quality of groundwater. However, a \u201chuge amount of investigation\u201d into the groundwater quality is still required, according to Professor Henner Hollert from the Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution at Goethe University Frankfurt. Chemical analyses have identified at least some of the pollutants in the groundwater, including drugs, pesticides and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which originate from the wastewater, traffic or agriculture. \u201cWhat we don\u2019t have at all is effect-based data, i.e. data about how the pollutants impact life in the groundwater ecosystem and also human health. We already know a lot about surface water, but not about the groundwater.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project \u201cEcological and Ecotoxicological Groundwater Quality Monitoring based on an Integrative Triad Approach\u201d (gwTriade) is now set to plug that knowledge gap. The triad approach combines three different scientific pillars: chemical analyses, bioassays and studies of biocenosis, i.e. the interactions between organisms living in a certain habitat. The crucial aspect is that results from the three measuring methodologies are combined into an overall result \u2013 only when this has been done can the ecological status be comprehensively assessed. \u201cWe are the first to apply the triad approach to groundwater,\u201d Hollert stresses. \u201cIt gives us a good overview. We can see what pollutants are present in the groundwater, and how they affect organisms and biological systems \u2013 both under laboratory conditions and in the field.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Six institutes are involved in the project and the tasks are shared among them. Hollert and his colleague Dr. Sabrina Schiwy coordinate gwTriade and conduct tests using a battery of bioassays that was also recently put forward to the European Commission for environmental monitoring. The testing systems are cell culture systems, zebrafish embryos, algae and Daphnia<\/em> (tiny water fleas). Schiwy explains how Daphnia<\/em> is used: \u201cFirst of all we test the effects of the pollutants in the unaltered groundwater samples. Next, we dilute the groundwater samples and thus the concentrations of pollutants, and observe what happens. In this way we discover which dilutions of groundwater pollutants cause which effects in Daphnia<\/em>.\u201d For example, if a substance with reproductive toxicity is present, the water fleas do not multiply as much as they normally would. In zebrafish embryos neurotoxic effects may occur, i.e. disruptions of the nervous system that lead to a change in behavior. \u201cZebrafish have a typical pattern of swimming behavior,\u201d Schiwy explains. \u201cIf it\u2019s light, they show relaxed behavior. If it suddenly gets dark, they swim in hectic zigzags.\u201d The reason is that the sudden appearance of a shadow could mean a predator is approaching. To see in the lab whether the fish larvae display this normal behavior, they are exposed to an alternating regime of light and darkness in a special experimental set-up. If the fish do not react, this is an indication that pollutants might have impaired their nervous system. If the researchers suspect this, the neurotoxic effect is characterized in detail using methods from molecular biology. The behavioral tests are not solely about ecotoxicological aspects, Henner Hollert adds, but are also relevant to human toxicology. Studies involving the early stages of zebrafish \u2013 an alternative to classical animal experiments \u2013 are also an established model in environmental medicine. \u201cZebrafish are vertebrates, which means that the results give indications about possible effects in human beings. We can draw conclusions for the protection of human health.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To supplement the bioassays in Frankfurt, chemical analyses are also performed by the IWW Water Centre in M\u00fchlheim an der Ruhr and the Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung (state water supply association) in Langenau. The IWW analyzes the PFAS contamination in particular and also investigates the geosystem. This generates a geochemical, hydrochemical and hydraulic description of the sites where the groundwater samples are taken. The third type of investigation is undertaken by the University of Kaiserslautern-Landau<\/strong> (RPTU). It examines the composition of the groundwater fauna, which includes Cyclops<\/em> and rotifers, for example, using taxonomic methods and modern methods from molecular biology. With e-DNA analyses and metabarcoding it is possible to detect genetic fragments of all living creatures that have lived or currently live in the water. This enables research into the composition of the entire community of living organisms in the groundwater. The Institute of G<\/a>roundwater Ecology (IG\u00d6) in Landau provides support here with its expertise in groundwater ecology and especially in identifying new groundwater organisms for bioassays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gwTriade scientists are not only interested in examining certain selected sites. They want to develop a concept for the integrative assessment of the groundwater quality for regional and national bodies throughout Germany with responsibility for groundwater, such as water suppliers and nature conservation authorities. Hollert says, \u201cOur assessment system gives them a guide to how they can apply the methods for monitoring groundwater quality \u2013 and to how the data collected can be examined and put into context.\u201d The task of finding potential users and clarifying their needs is assumed by the Institute for Social-Ecological Research (ISOE) in Frankfurt. It also tries to identify use conflicts relating to groundwater that could occur in the future, for instance between using groundwater as a resource and protection of the ecosystem. From a biological viewpoint, according to Hollert and Schiwy, groundwater is also a habitat. It\u2019s just that until now this perspective has not received enough attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Background: <\/strong>gwTriade: Ecological and Ecotoxicological Groundwater Quality Monitoring based on an Integrative Triad Approach https:\/\/bmbf-lurch.de\/lurch\/en\/Joint+projects\/Joint+projects\/gwTriade.html<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The joint project, recently launched under the name \u201cgwTriade,\u201d involves six scientific institutes with Goethe University Frankfurt as the coordinator, which are investigating groundwater quality in Germany. 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