{"id":85162,"date":"2025-08-01T08:01:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T06:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/?p=85162"},"modified":"2025-07-31T13:27:44","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T11:27:44","slug":"we-need-a-forward-looking-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/we-need-a-forward-looking-review\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cWe Need a Forward-Looking Review\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Andrea Kie\u00dfling, Professor of Public Law, Social and Health Law, as well as Migration Law at Goethe University Frankfurt, reflects on the COVID-19 era from a legal perspective.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/absperrband-c-shutterstock-designrage.jpg\" alt=\"The school closures during the COVID-19 era remain highly controversial. \u00a9 Shutterstock\/DesignRage\" class=\"wp-image-84967\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/absperrband-c-shutterstock-designrage.jpg 650w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/absperrband-c-shutterstock-designrage-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/absperrband-c-shutterstock-designrage-500x346.jpg 500w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/absperrband-c-shutterstock-designrage-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The school closures during the COVID-19 era remain highly controversial. \u00a9 Shutterstock\/DesignRage<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>UniReport: It\u2019s now been five years since the outbreak of the pandemic. What are your personal reflections on that time? How were you affected?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Andrea Kie\u00dfling:<\/strong> Initially, of course, I was affected like everyone else in Germany, finding myself suddenly having to reorganize daily life. But beyond that, I began engaging with legal issues surrounding pandemic control from the very beginning. I started by publishing short texts and then, within a few months, conceptualized a new legal commentary on the Infection Protection Act, which was published as early as summer 2020. As a result, the pandemic took up almost all my waking moments \u2013 it was very exhausting at times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What, in your view, were the main points of criticism regarding how the state, the authorities, and the courts handled the pandemic? Were there overreaches? And conversely, where is some of the criticism misplaced?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some measures, especially those taken at the beginning of the pandemic, overshot the mark: certain behaviors were banned that didn\u2019t actually increase the risk of infection. But those decisions were quickly corrected. One criticism I\u2019ve always considered unfounded is that the Bundestag didn\u2019t have enough of a say during the pandemic, when, in fact, it could have directed pandemic policy through more detailed legislation at any time. It chose not to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>At the time, all actions were based solely on the Infection Protection Act. What was problematic about its \u201cgeneral clause\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The clause itself isn\u2019t the problem. In public safety law \u2013 which includes infection control law \u2013 you need such a clause to respond to unforeseen situations. However, such a provision is generally intended for limited threats or isolated measures. Whether it\u2019s legally acceptable to rely on this general clause for a population-wide lockdown is highly questionable. The problem was that the Infection Protection Act was not prepared for a pandemic: there were no special provisions that could have defined the authorities\u2019 scope of action through specific conditions or a list of possible protective measures. So, in spring 2020, a clause was applied that simply referred to \u201cnecessary protective measures\u201d without offering any limitations. It wasn\u2019t until fall 2020 that the Bundestag amended the Act accordingly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>There hasn\u2019t been a true societal or medical review of the pandemic. Instead, public attention has focused mostly on the former health minister&#8217;s mask procurement scandal. Do you believe a comprehensive review is necessary, focusing on both medical and social aspects? Many citizens have become skeptical about whether measures like the 2021 lockdown were ever truly justified.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I wouldn\u2019t say there\u2019s been no review. We now have many court rulings addressing various issues from the pandemic: Individuals from the \u201cQuerdenker\u201d movement have been convicted of incitement to hatred, the Federal Court of Justice upheld the conviction of a family court judge in Weimar for perversion of justice after he unlawfully declared school measures invalid, the Federal Administrative Court has ruled some early pandemic measures lawful, others unlawful, and the Federal Court of Justice denied compensation claims over business closures. Regarding the 2021 lockdown, the Federal Constitutional Court already issued a ruling at the end of that year, deeming it constitutional. What we need now, in my opinion, is a forward-looking review: Are we prepared for the next pandemic \u2013 which will come sooner or later? From a legal standpoint, that also includes asking whether the Infection Protection Act is now fit for purpose. In my opinion, it is not, because most pandemic-related provisions were either temporary or explicitly applied only to COVID-19 \u2013 meaning that in a new pandemic, we\u2019d once again have to rely on the general clause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>As a legal scholar, do you also examine how other countries handled the pandemic from a legal perspective? The measures imposed by countries like Sweden, for example, were far less strict. Or are the legal systems too different to make comparisons?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From an epidemiological standpoint, such comparisons make sense. But in terms of legal systems, the differences are often too great \u2013 for example, some countries have special emergency laws or state of exception provisions. In Germany, we relied entirely on regular infection protection law; no state of emergency or similar exception was declared that would have altered the legal framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>You and other scholars developed recommendations for handling future pandemics. What are the key points, and what gaps were you hoping to close?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We wanted to put pandemic response on a broader legal foundation. We proposed different legal requirements for potential protective measures and made distinctions between various areas of life. For example, depending on the pathogen, schools need to be treated differently than nursing homes, and both differently from workplaces without public contact. We accounted for both respiratory pathogens as well as other known infectious agents. Our proposal became very detailed because of our goal: that in a future pandemic, all interests can be appropriately considered, while the authorities\u2019 actions would be more transparent to the public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Do you think these recommendations will ever be implemented by policymakers?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our former \u201ctraffic light\u201d coalition government originally planned to reform infection protection law, but that didn\u2019t happen. The current coalition agreement between CDU\/CSU and SPD has explicitly acknowledged the need for reform and announced a revision of the Infection Protection Act. Whether that will happen \u2013 and whether our recommendations will be implemented \u2013 I can\u2019t say. We don\u2019t consider our proposal definitive in every detail; it\u2019s a starting point for revisions that might turn out entirely differently. But doing nothing at all is not an option, in my view. On the contrary: Inaction would come back to haunt us in the next pandemic.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Andrea Kie\u00dfling, Professor of Public Law, Social and Health Law, as well as Migration Law at Goethe University Frankfurt, reflects on the COVID-19 era from a legal perspective. UniReport: It\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":84967,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,255],"tags":[278,229,411],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-85162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english","category-society","tag-interview-en","tag-law","tag-unireport-4-25"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u201cWe Need a Forward-Looking Review\u201d | Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/we-need-a-forward-looking-review\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cWe Need a Forward-Looking Review\u201d | Aktuelles aus der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Andrea Kie\u00dfling, Professor of Public Law, Social and Health Law, as well as Migration Law at Goethe University Frankfurt, reflects on the COVID-19 era from a legal perspective. 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