{"id":85228,"date":"2025-08-08T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-08T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/?p=85228"},"modified":"2025-08-07T10:46:51","modified_gmt":"2025-08-07T08:46:51","slug":"molecules-in-the-spotlight-snapshots-reveal-the-eternal-dance-of-particles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/molecules-in-the-spotlight-snapshots-reveal-the-eternal-dance-of-particles\/","title":{"rendered":"Molecules in the Spotlight: Snapshots Reveal the Eternal Dance of Particles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Frankfurt physicists observe coupled quantum zero-point motion of a molecule\u2019s atoms<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have, for the first time, directly visualized the so-called quantum zero-point motion in a larger molecule. This motion is exhibited by particles even at absolute zero temperature. In a collaborative experiment with the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, the University of Hamburg, the European XFEL, and other partners, they managed to make this \u201ceternal dance\u201d of the atoms visible. The discovery was made possible by the COLTRIMS reaction microscope developed in Frankfurt, which is capable of reconstructing molecular structures. The findings have now been published in the journal Science.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/molekuelstruktur-c-till-jahnke.jpg\" alt=\"Ultrashort, high-intensity X-ray laser pulses trigger controlled explosions of molecules \u2013 making it possible to capture high-resolution images of molecular structures (\u00a9 Till Jahnke).\" class=\"wp-image-85224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/molekuelstruktur-c-till-jahnke.jpg 650w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/molekuelstruktur-c-till-jahnke-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/molekuelstruktur-c-till-jahnke-500x346.jpg 500w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/molekuelstruktur-c-till-jahnke-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ultrashort, high-intensity X-ray laser pulses trigger controlled explosions of molecules \u2013 making it possible to capture high-resolution images of molecular structures (\u00a9 Till Jahnke).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Most of us find it difficult to grasp the quantum world: According to Heisenberg\u2019s uncertainty principle, it\u2019s like observing a dance without being able to see simultaneously exactly where someone is dancing and how fast they\u2019re moving \u2013 you always must choose to focus on one. And yet, this quantum dance is far from chaotic; the dancers follow a strict choreography. In molecules, this strange behavior has another consequence: Even if a molecule should be completely frozen at absolute zero, it never truly comes to rest. The atoms it is made of perform a constant, never-ending quiet dance driven by so-called zero-point energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">First direct measurement of correlated zero-point motion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For a long time, these patterned zero-point movements were considered impossible to measure directly. However, scientists at Goethe University Frankfurt and partner institutions have now succeeded in doing precisely that at the world\u2019s largest X-ray laser, the European XFEL in Hamburg, Germany. They captured the \u201cdance of the atoms\u201d by shining a \u201cspotlight\u201d on individual molecules and taking snapshots of their atoms \u2013 revealing each atom\u2019s precise choreography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Professor Till Jahnke from the Institute for Nuclear Physics at Goethe University Frankfurt and the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg explains: \u201cThe exciting thing about our work is that we were able to see that the atoms don\u2019t just vibrate individually, but that they vibrate in a coupled manner, following fixed patterns. We directly measured this behavior for the first time in individual medium-sized molecules that were also in their lowest energy state. This zero-point motion is a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon that cannot be explained classically.\u201d Instead of choreography, physicists speak of vibrational modes. While the motion patterns of molecules with two or three atoms are fairly easy to follow, it quickly becomes complex with medium-sized molecules \u2013 like the studied iodopyridine, which consists of eleven atoms. Iodopyridine features a whole repertoire of 27 different vibrational modes \u2013 from ballet to tango to folk dance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis experiment has a long history,\u201d says Jahnke. \u201cWe originally collected the data in 2019 during a measurement campaign led by Rebecca Boll at the European XFEL, which had an entirely different goal. It wasn\u2019t until two years later that we realized we were actually seeing signs of zero-point motion. The breakthrough came through collaboration with our colleagues from theoretical physics from the <em>Center for Free-Electron Laser Science<\/em> in Hamburg. Beno\u00eet Richard and Ludger Inhester, in particular, came up with new analysis methods that elevated our data interpretation to an entirely new level. Looking back, many puzzle pieces had to come together perfectly.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explosion reveals molecular structure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>But how can you capture an image of dancing particles? Using a technique called Coulomb Explosion Imaging, molecules are triggered to undergo a controlled explosion by ultrashort, high-intensity X-ray laser pulses, allowing high-resolution images of their structure to be generated. The X-ray pulse knocks many electrons out of the molecule, causing the atoms \u2013 now positively charged \u2013 to repel each other and fly apart in a fraction of a trillionth of a second. The fragments are recorded by a special apparatus that measures their time and position of impact, enabling the reconstruction of the molecule\u2019s original structure. This COLTRIMS reaction microscope has been developed over the past decades by Goethe University\u2019s Atomic Physics group. A version tailored specifically to the European XFEL was built by Dr. Gregor Kastirke during his PhD work. Seeing the device in action is something special, Kastirke says: \u201cWitnessing such groundbreaking results makes me feel a little proud. After all, they only come about through years of preparation and close teamwork.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">New insights into the quantum world<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The results provide entirely new insights into quantum phenomena. For the first time, researchers can directly observe the complex patterns of zero-point motion in more complex molecules. These findings demonstrate the potential of the Frankfurt-developed COLTRIMS reaction microscope. \u201cWe\u2019re constantly improving our method and are already planning the next experiments,\u201d says Jahnke. \u201cOur goal is to go beyond the dance of atoms and observe in addition the dance of electrons \u2013 a choreography that is significantly faster and also influenced by atomic motion. With our apparatus, we can gradually create real short films of molecular processes \u2013 something that was once unimaginable.\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Frankfurt physicists observe coupled quantum zero-point motion of a molecule\u2019s atoms Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have, for the first time, directly visualized the so-called quantum zero-point motion in a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":85224,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,254],"tags":[242],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-85228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english","category-research","tag-physics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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