{"id":86647,"date":"2025-12-03T14:38:31","date_gmt":"2025-12-03T13:38:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/?p=86647"},"modified":"2025-12-03T14:38:32","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T13:38:32","slug":"24000-times-more-harmful-to-the-climate-than-co2-goethe-university-measurements-reveal-sf6-gas-emissions-in-germany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/en\/english\/24000-times-more-harmful-to-the-climate-than-co2-goethe-university-measurements-reveal-sf6-gas-emissions-in-germany\/","title":{"rendered":"24,000 times more harmful to the climate than CO2: Goethe University measurements reveal SF6 gas emissions in Germany"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Highest levels of sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6<\/sub>) in Europe \u2013 German hotspot identified near Heilbronn<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/taunus-observatorium-650x450px.jpg\" alt=\"Messungen des Treibhausgases SF6 im Taunus-Observatorium der Goethe-Universit\u00e4t Frankfurt auf dem Kleinen Feldberg wiesen auf eine Emissionsquelle in Deutschland hin. Foto: Markus Bernards f\u00fcr Goethe-Universit\u00e4t\" class=\"wp-image-86644\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/taunus-observatorium-650x450px.jpg 650w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/taunus-observatorium-650x450px-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/taunus-observatorium-650x450px-500x346.jpg 500w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/taunus-observatorium-650x450px-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Measurements of the greenhouse gas SF<sub>6<\/sub> at the Taunus Observatory run by Goethe University Frankfurt on Kleiner Feldberg pointed to an emission source in Germany. \u00a9 Markus Bernards for Goethe University<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Using measurements and advanced computer models, an international team led by researchers from Goethe University Frankfurt has pinpointed an emission source for the climate-damaging gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6<\/sub>) in southern Germany. This regional source of SF<sub>6<\/sub> has not yet been taken into account in Germany&#8217;s climate balance sheet.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6<\/sub>) is a chemically stable, colorless, odorless, and non-toxic gas. It is used all over the world, primarily as an insulating and protective gas in electrical switchgear within medium- and high-voltage engineering. In the past, it was also used in Germany as a filling gas for sports shoes and as an insulating gas in soundproof windows until this application was banned in 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SF<sub>6<\/sub> is the most potent greenhouse gas known to date: One kilogram of it contributes as much to global warming as about 24 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2). Due to its extreme climate impact, the United Nations requires all its member states to regularly report their SF<sub>6<\/sub> emissions. To date, Germany\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions inventory assumed that the majority of SF<sub>6<\/sub> emissions today stem from the disposal of old soundproof windows, during which the gas escapes into the atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt, in collaboration with European partners, have now demonstrated for the first time that actual emissions from a source in southwestern Germany are likely to be significantly higher than previously estimated. The team led by Professor Andreas Engel from Goethe University\u2019s Institute for Atmosphere and Environment has been operating the measurement station at the Taunus Observatory for several years. Since 2023, the observatory has been part of the international measurement network AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gas Experiment). \u201cOf all the European measurement stations in the network, we record the highest SF<sub>6<\/sub> concentrations at the Taunus Observatory,\u201d Engel reports. \u201cWe found this puzzling \u2013 especially because the highest values occur during southern airflow.\u201d As part of a study initiated and funded by the German Environment Agency to verify the emissions profile using new data and methods, the phenomenon has now been investigated in greater detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"409\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/shutterstock_emissionen-sf6_c_Corner_Photography.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-86645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/shutterstock_emissionen-sf6_c_Corner_Photography.jpg 409w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/shutterstock_emissionen-sf6_c_Corner_Photography-273x300.jpg 273w, https:\/\/aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/shutterstock_emissionen-sf6_c_Corner_Photography-11x12.jpg 11w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 409px) 100vw, 409px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers subsequently found even higher concentrations in air samples from the ICOS network (Integrated Carbon Observation System) in Karlsruhe. Using atmospheric transport models and a method known as inverse modeling, they were able to apply this top-down approach to spatially pinpoint the emissions. The results showed that the highest emissions come from the Heilbronn region in southwestern Germany, amounting to approximately 30 tons per year or about one-third of Germany\u2019s total SF<sub>6<\/sub> emissions. However, the scientists emphasize that these amounts are relatively small compared to global SF<sub>6<\/sub> emissions of around 8,000 tons, of which China alone contributes some 5,000 tons annually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis kind of regional distribution of emissions does not align with previous assumptions that emissions primarily stem from the disposal of old soundproof windows,\u201d explains Katharina Meixner, lead author of the study published in the journal ACS Environmental Science &amp; Technology \u2013 Air. \u201cWhat stands out, however, is that this region is home to the only SF<sub>6<\/sub> production and recycling facility in Europe that we are aware of.\u201d Meixner emphasizes that \u201conly by understanding where emissions in Germany originate can they be properly accounted for and effectively addressed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u201d Andreas Engel explains: \u201cPrevious scientific studies have already shown that emissions during the production, use, and recycling of highly volatile substances are often harder to avoid and therefore higher than previously assumed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through its research, the Frankfurt-based group contributes to validating and complementing bottom-up assessments of emissions, which have so far been primarily based on theoretical assumptions, with top-down emission estimates derived from atmospheric measurements. In addition to SF<sub>6<\/sub>, the research group also measures many other halogenated greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\"><strong>Publication: <\/strong>Katharina Meixner, Thomas Wagenh\u00e4user, Tanja J. Schuck, Sascha Alber, Alistair J. Manning, Alison L. Redington, Kieran M. Stanley, Simon O\u2019Doherty, Dickon Young, Joseph Pitt, Angelina Wenger, Arnoud Frumau, Ann R. Stavert, Christopher Rennick, Martin K. Vollmer, Michela Maione, Jgor Arduini, Chris R. Lunder, Cedric Couret, Armin Jordan, Xochilt Guti\u00e9rrez Guti\u00e9rrez, Dagmar Kubistin, Jennifer M\u00fcller-Williams, Matthias Lindauer, Martin Vojta, Andreas Stohl, Andreas Engel: <strong>Characterisation of German SF<sub>6<\/sub> emissions. <\/strong>ACS Environmental Science &amp; Technology \u2013 Air (2025) <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsestair.5c00234\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsestair.5c00234<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\"><strong>Further Information<\/strong><br>Professor Andreas Engel<br>Institute for Atmosphere and Environment<br>Goethe University Frankfurt<br><a href=\"mailto:an.engel@iau.uni-frankfurt.de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">an.engel@iau.uni-frankfurt.de<\/a><br>Tel: +49 (0)69 798-40259<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goethe-university-frankfurt.de\/171477419\/Apl__Prof__Dr__Andreas_Engel\">To the website \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Highest levels of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in Europe \u2013 German hotspot identified near Heilbronn Using measurements and advanced computer models, an international team led by researchers from Goethe University Frankfurt [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":86644,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,254],"tags":[239],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-86647","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english","category-research","tag-geosciences-and-geography"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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